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Authors
Badarchin, Manduukhai
Otomi, Yoichi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8960-3662
Shinya, Takayoshi
Otsuka, Hideki
Takaoka, Yukiko
Matsushita, Tomoki
Matsubara, Tomoyasu
Fujita, Koji
Tomioka, Yukiko
Nakataki, Masahito
Izumi, Yuishin
Numata, Shusuke
Harada, Masafumi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP24K15767)
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Article History
Received: 5 October 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tokushima University Hospital (Approval No. 4588).
: The requirement for written informed consent was waived in accordance with the institutional guidelines for retrospective studies using anonymized data, with appropriate information disclosure to the public.
: During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, USA) to improve the clarity and grammar of the text. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the final version of the manuscript.
