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Authors
Zamrisham, Nur Ain Fitriah
Idrus, Syazwani
Ismail, Siti Fatimah
Razak, Mohd Shahrizal Ab
Abari, Afrouzossadat Hosseini
Jaman, Khairina
Suhartini, Sri
Harun, Mohd Razif
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Putra Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 23 November 2025
First Online: 1 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
