Mohd Badaruzaman, Farah Zafirah
Abdul Keyon, Aemi Syazwani
Mohamed Huri, Mohamad Afiq
Mokhter, Mohd Akmali
Wan Mahmood, Wan Mohd Asyraf
Funding for this research was provided by:
Royal Society of Chemistry (R25-5046441737)
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2022/STG04/UTM/02/1)
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 14 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.