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Authors
Zulkifli, Adrina
Baharin, Siti Nor Atika
Abdul Rahman, Norul Azilah
Said, Nur Rahimah
Mohd Zain, Zainiharyati
Basirun, Wan Jefrey
Jakmunee, Jaroon
Prakash, Jai
Raoov, Muggundha
Jiwanti, Prastika Krisma
Sambasevam, Kavirajaa Pandian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2023/STG05/UITM/02/3)
RSC Research Fund (R21-1341126945)
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Article History
Received: 29 December 2025
Accepted: 26 March 2026
First Online: 21 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used ChatGPT, QuillBot, and Grammarly to assist with language editing, grammar correction, paraphrasing, and improving overall clarity and readability. After using these tools, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the published article.
