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Article History

Received: 30 October 2023

Revised: 5 February 2024

Accepted: 15 February 2024

First Online: 23 March 2024

Declarations

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: Akira Kawasaki, Tomohiro Hoshino, Ayumi Akamatsu, and Akito Kakuuchi are employees of the sponsor. Kiyohiko Hatake reported research funding from Ono Pharmaceutical in relation to this work; consulting fees from Meiji Seika Pharma; and honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Towa Pharmaceutical, Meiji Seika Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Aioi Nissay Dowa Insurance, Yakult Honsha, Daiichi Sankyo, and Chugai Pharmaceutical. Itaru Matsumura reported research funding from Ono Pharmaceutical in relation to this work; research grants from Ono Pharmaceutical, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Nippon Shinyaku, Kyowa Kirin, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Shionogi & Co, Teijin Pharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Eisai, MSD, Asahi Kasei Pharma, Astellas Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Nihon Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, AbbVie, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Nippon Kayaku, CSL Behring, Mundipharma, AYUMI Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly Japan, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan, and Amgen BioPharma; consulting fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical; and speakers’ fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb (Celgene), Novartis, Otsuka, Pfizer Japan, Janssen, Astellas Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, Ono Pharmaceutical, Chugai Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, SymBio Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie, and Amgen BioPharma. Koji Izutsu reported research funding from Ono Pharmaceutical in relation to this work; grants from MSD, AstraZeneca, AbbVie, Eisai, Incyte, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Pfizer, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Yakult, Kyowa Kirin, Ono Pharmaceutical, and Daiichi Sankyo; consulting fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Zenyaku, Kyowa Kirin, MSD, Nihon Shinyaku, AbbVie, Ono Pharmaceutical, Genmab, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, and Nihon Kayaku; and honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Bristol-Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Eisai, Kyowa Kirin, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Chugai, Novartis, MSD, Symbio, Abbvie, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Eli Lily, and Daiichi Sankyo. Kensei Tobinai reported research funding from Ono Pharmaceutical in relation to this work; consulting fees from Zenyaku Kogyo, Daiichi Sankyo, HUYA Bioscience International, and Mundipharma; honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Zenyaku Kogyo, Daiichi Sankyo, Celgene/Bristol-Myers Squibb, HUYA Bioscience International, Mundipharma, and Solasia Pharma.

: This PMS conformed to Japanese Good Post-Marketing Study Practice regulations. Each participating hospital agreed to contracts for this PMS with the study sponsor. Since all treatments were at the physician’s discretion in actual clinical practice and no interventions were made for the purpose of this study, written informed consent was not required under Good Post-Marketing Study Practice.

: The participating institutions provided consent for reporting data in this article.