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Article History

Received: 24 June 2025

Revised: 2 December 2025

Accepted: 7 December 2025

First Online: 17 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Shigeki Ito has received honoraria from Sano, Pzer, Johnson & Johnson, Chugai, Takeda, and BMS; has received research funding from AbbVie, GSK, and Kissei; and is an editor of the International Journal of Hematology. Yoshiaki Kuroda has received research funding and participates in a speakers bureau for Johnson & Johnson, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Sano, SymBio Pharmaceuticals, ONO PHARMACEUTICAL, AstraZeneca, ASAHI KASEI PHARMA, and Amgen. Kazutaka Sunami has received research funding from Sano, Pzer, Ono Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Kyowa-Kirin, Incyte, GSK, Chugai, BMS, BeiGene, and AbbVie; and has received honoraria and research funding from Johnson & Johnson. Kosei Matsue has received trust research/joint research funds from AstraZeneca; and has received honoraria from Johnson & Johnson, BMS, and Takeda. Kazunori Imada has received honoraria from Johnson & Johnson K.K., Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., AbbVie GK., Astellas Pharma Inc., Amgen K.K., AstraZeneca K.K., and DAIICHI SANKYO Co., Ltd.; has received other honoraria from Genmab K.K., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Otuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and Pzer Japan Inc.; and has received patents & royalties honoraria from Gilead Sciences K.K., PharmaEssentia Japan KK, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., Sano K.K., Asahi Kasei Pharma, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., and Eisai Co., Ltd. Hideto Tamura has participated in a speakers bureau for Bristol Meyers Squib; has received honoraria from Ono Pharmaceutical and Sano; has received consultation fees for Sanofi, AbbVie, and Johnson & Johnson; has received remuneration for lectures for Johnson & Johnson, BMS, Sanofi, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pfizer Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; and has received a scholarship fund from Fujipharm Co., Ltd. Ei Fujikawa, Hiroshi Yamazaki, Mikihiro Takamoto, Lixia Pei, Xiang Qin, Tara J. Masterson, Michela Campagna, Veronique Vreys, and Bonnie W Lau are current employees of Johnson & Johnson and hold equity in a publicly-traded company. Yasushi Takamatsu has received speaking fees from AstraZeneca and Sanofi; and has received scholarship or grant donations from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, and Astellas Pharma.

: Registry and the registration number of the study: ; NCT03732820. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Good Clinical Guidelines of the International Council for Harmonisation. The protocol and amendments were approved by the institutional review board at each study site.

: All patients provided written informed consent. Written consent for the publication of the medical photographs was obtained from the patient(s).