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Article History

Received: 18 July 2025

Revised: 16 February 2026

Accepted: 18 February 2026

First Online: 27 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Kenshi Suzuki received consulting fees from SRL and lecture fees from Takeda, Ono Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Sanofi, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Janssen. Morio Matsumoto received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Janssen Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and Sanofi K.K. Hiroyuki Takamatsu received honoraria from Janssen, Ono, Sanofi, and Bristol-Myers Squibb and consultancy fees from Adaptive Biotechnologies. Hiroshi Kosugi received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AstraZeneca K.K., Novartis Pharma K.K., Asahi Kasei Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., Novo Nordisk Pharma Japan, Sanofi K.K., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Astellas Inc., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Japan Blood Products Organization, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beckton Dickinson K.K., and Abbvie GK. Sonja Zweegma received research support from Janssen and Takeda, and the institution they belong to received payment for participating on boards of Janssen, Sanofi, BMS, Oncopeptides, Amagen, and Abbvie. Miku Ito, Chika Sakai, and Robin Carson own stock in and are employees of Johnson & Johnson. Satoshi Kanai owns stock in Johnson & Johnson and is an employee of Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine. Tomohiko Nakatogawa is an employee of Johnson & Johnson. Melissa Rowe receives support for attending meetings and/or travel, owns stock in, and is an employee of Johnson & Johnson. Saad Z. Usmani received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS/Celgene, Galapagos, Genentech, GSK, Janssen, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, and Takeda, and received research funds paid for medical research (e.g., collaborative research, funded research, clinical trial) from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS/Celgene, GSK, Gilead, Gracell Therapeutics, Janssen, and K36 Therapeutics. Tadakazu Kondo, Tomoaki Fujisaki, and Thierry Facon have no conflicts of interest to declare.