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Article History

Accepted: 31 August 2024

First Online: 16 September 2024

Declarations

:

: This study utilized secondary data from existing time use surveys and did not involve direct interaction with human participants. As such, individual informed consent was not required or obtained for this specific research.

: This study involves the analysis of secondary data from existing surveys, so it did not require formal ethical approval. However, we affirm that our research adheres to all applicable ethical principles and guidelines for scientific research.Specifically, the data used in this study were obtained through legitimate channels and in compliance with all relevant data usage agreements. All data were anonymized prior to our access, and we have made no attempt to identify individual respondents. We have been transparent about our methodology and the limitations of our study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. This includes, but is not limited to, financial interests as well as non-financial interests in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.