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Article History

Accepted: 13 December 2024

First Online: 23 December 2024

Declarations

:

: All participants provided written informed consent prior to their involvement in the study. They were fully informed about the purpose, procedures, confidentiality measures, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences. Participants voluntarily consented after understanding all aspects of the research.

: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Gachon University (No. 1044396-202308-HR-142-01). The research procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set by the Declaration of Helsinki and institutional guidelines for the protection of human subjects.

: This research involved human participants only, and no animals were used in the study. The research was conducted following the ethical guidelines for human subject research as outlined by Gachon University and complied with international ethical standards

: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the A university of Korea (1044396-202308-HR-142-01).

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.