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Article History

Accepted: 30 April 2025

First Online: 16 May 2025

Declarations

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: The present study utilizes secondary data obtained from the Children’s Worlds project, which involved surveys administered to children. According to the Children’s Worlds Report 2020 (Rees et al., ), ethical approval for the original data collection was obtained from authorized institutions in each participating country, including government and university institutional review boards. Furthermore, parental consent was obtained for all participating children (Rees et al., ). In conducting this study, we adhered to ethical guidelines for conducting research with secondary data.

: The authors declare that there are no financial conflicts of interest related to the research, authorship, and publication of this article.