Hale, James https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-3909
Dorley, Emmanuel J.
Kim, Peter H.
Gratch, Jonathan
Funding for this research was provided by:
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-23-1-0320)
Army Research Office (W911NF-20-2-0053)
National Science Foundation (1822876)
Article History
Received: 1 June 2025
Accepted: 26 January 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This submission is a combination of two previously published conference papers by the authors. The manuscript has been substantially revised for journal submission. To preserve double-blind review, we have not cited these works in the manuscript, but full citations will be added upon acceptance.