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Authors
Itou, Chihiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2884-3515
Ishihara, Yoshiki https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1931-9337
Urikura, Atsushi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-0944
Sone, Miyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4597-1500
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Article History
Received: 23 July 2025
Revised: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: The in situ phantom experiments did not involve human participants or animals and therefore did not require ethics approval. The clinical image included as a supplementary figure was acquired as part of routine care, and patient information was anonymized. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Supporting documentation for ethical approval and consent waiver is available upon request.
: Informed consent was not required for the phantom study, which involved no human participants or personal data. For the single anonymized clinical case included in the supplementary material, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the institutional review board under a comprehensive approval for retrospective, non-interventional studies.
