Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (24K10826)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (23KK0206)
Nakatani Foundation for Advancement of Measuring Technologies in Biomedical Engineering (Nakatani Foundation for Advancement of Measuring Technologies in Biomedical Engineering)
Article History
Received: 3 October 2025
Revised: 14 December 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This work was partially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grants (23KK0206 and 24K10826) and the Nakatani Foundation.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: All procedures performed in the studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.