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Article History

Received: 9 October 2025

Revised: 29 November 2025

Accepted: 17 December 2025

First Online: 5 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Part of the research pilot work has been presented in ESTRO 2019 and ICMP 2023 as a poster presentation.

: This retrospective study involved the analysis of anonymized computed tomography (CT) datasets and treatment planning data that were originally acquired for routine clinical care at our institution. The use of anonymized, retrospectively collected clinical imaging data and treatment plans for methodology and technical validation research did not require specific Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval under national policy because no identifiable patient information was used, and no new imaging or patient contact occurred. Informed patient consent was not required as all data were fully anonymized and previously acquired purely for non-research clinical purposes; thus, this study qualifies as non-human subjects research according to Yashoda Superspeciality Hospital and Cancer Institute, Delhi NCR and national regulations for retrospective technical investigations of anonymized datasets.

: Not required.