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Authors
Katano, Kenta https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8265-0400
Sakata, Kentaro
Nanao, Madoka
Kudo, Makoto
Sato, Tomohiro
Imae, Toshikazu
Saotome, Kousaku
Suzuki, Yuichi
Hayashi, Toshihiro
Abe, Osamu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The University of Tokyo
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Article History
Received: 22 December 2025
Revised: 21 February 2026
Accepted: 1 April 2026
First Online: 13 April 2026
Declarations
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: Kenta Katano received a UKA sample from Smith & Nephew Co., Ltd. for this study. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board (approval number: 11605-(7)). Additionally, in accordance with the institutional guidelines for retrospective studies using existing data, patient consent was obtained via the opt-out method, which involved public notification of the study and guaranteed the right to refuse participation.
