Zhang, Junyi
Geng, Chen
Lu, Yucheng
Hu, Fuyuan
Dai, Yakang
Article History
Received: 30 December 2024
Revised: 4 March 2025
Accepted: 18 April 2025
First Online: 14 October 2025
Declarations
: Ethical Approval The study was conducted using data from the publicly available dataset of the CROWN challenge[26]. The organizers of the challenge declare that their study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethical Review Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht (approval number 16777) for one of the cohorts, while an ethics waiver was granted by the same committee for the other cohort.
: Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests.