Yang, Tao
Chen, Ningxin
Yao, Liguo
Wang, Lisheng
Article History
Received: 24 December 2025
Revised: 12 January 2026
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
: Ethical Approval Ethical review and approval were waived by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University for the private dataset (FJHD) due to the retrospective nature of the study. All private patient data were anonymized and de-identified prior to analysis. The remaining datasets used in this study are publicly available and do not require specific ethical approval.
: Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.