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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 4 August 2025

First Online: 23 September 2025

Declarations

: Relevant ethical guidelines were followed throughout the project. All data collection, storage and processing were done with the approval of relevant institutional authorities regulating research involving human participants, in compliance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments or comparable ethical standards. The requirement for explicit consent for subsequent use of the data for research purposes was waived by the institutional research ethics board given that the dataset was irreversibly de-identified. The corresponding author is employed at a public university and performs neuropsychological assessments in academic, clinical and medicolegal settings.

: All authors are employed at public universities. The corresponding author performs neuropsychological assessments in academic, clinical and medicolegal settings. None of the authors derive any financial benefit from the findings reported in this manuscript that would constitute a conflict of interest. The research summarized in this manuscript received no financial support from external funding agencies and it does not contain any information that would constitute a financial conflict of interest.

: The authors have no competing interests to declare.