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Authors
Johan, Nur Ain Arina
Hasmadi, Hannan Hamimi
Peter, Khatheline Shantie
Nasir, Siti Hana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6540-6499
Mustafa El Bakri, Helmy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6499-2403
Misni, Norashiqin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-0280
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (GPPS (vot Q809))
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (IMaP/2/2024/TK09/UTHM//2)
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Revised: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 11 September 2025
First Online: 17 September 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
