Hassan, Hajar https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3636-6551
Norizham, Iwani Maisarah https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7905-2385
Mohd, Masratul Hawa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2250-2821
Zin, Noraziah Mohamad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7839-1246
Bustami, Yazmin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6556-0082
Azemin, Wan-Atirah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7386-1093
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Sains Malaysia (Project No. 304/PBIOLOGI/6315773)
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Revised: 4 October 2025
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.