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Article History

Received: 21 August 2025

Revised: 22 December 2025

Accepted: 4 January 2026

First Online: 19 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

: I certify that this manuscript is original and has not been published and will not be submitted elsewhere for publication while being considered by Fibers and Polymers. And the study is not split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time. No data have been fabricated or manipulated (including images) to support the conclusions. The submission has been received explicitly from all co-authors. And authors whose names appear on the submission have contributed sufficiently to the scientific work and therefore share collective responsibility and accountability for the results. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.