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Authors
Bourdeix, Roland
Johnson, Vincent B.
Pilotti, Carmel A.
Ellacott, William
Chant, Herenui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Benefit-Sharing Fund, FAO, Rome Italy (PR-363-Fiji)
CIRAD
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 2 November 2025
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: All our research interactions with all stakeholders (listed in the acknowledgements below), including local and Indigenous communities and ethnic minorities, have been conducted according to both the International Society of Ethnobiology (ISE) Code of Ethics and the international ethics guidelines of organizations including CIRAD and CGIAR. Our interactions were not limited to Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC); we considered consent as a continuous process throughout and beyond our study, maintained due respect for cultural norms, and aimed to return research results to the coconut-dependent communities. Indeed, the whole aim of our review has been to empower local small-scale farming communities to develop their own higher-performing coconut diversity in situ and to ‘give back the very diversity they helped create over millennia’.
: AI (ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Perplexity) were used exclusively to refine and rephrase some paragraphs originally drafted by the authors and to check the format of the references. No original scientific content was generated using AI at any stage of the writing process.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
