McCarthy, Gretchen J. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7693-5769
Ray, Nicholas E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1959-3120
Fulweiler, Robinson W. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0871-4246
Funding for this research was provided by:
Rhode Island Sea Grant, University of Rhode Island (Rhode Island Sea Grant, University of Rhode Island)
Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future (Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future)
Boston University Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (Boston University Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program)
Boston University Marine Program Warren McLeod Research Fellowship (Boston University Marine Program Warren McLeod Research Fellowship)
Aquatic Research Student Equipment and Travel Grant from Fluid Imaging Technologies (Aquatic Research Student Equipment and Travel Grant from Fluid Imaging Technologies)
The Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future (The Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future)
Article History
Received: 18 October 2024
Revised: 1 November 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.