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Article History

Received: 3 March 2025

Accepted: 26 July 2025

First Online: 27 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The protocol and amendments were approved by the local ethics committee (Freiburg,Germany), privacy and security offices, and institutional review board (Ethic protocol number: 21–1146). The study was registered at the German register for clinical trials (DRKS00024509).

: We confirm that all participants involved in this study have provided informed consent to participate. The study was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines, and participants were made aware of their rights, including the ability to withdraw from the study at any time without penalty. All necessary ethical approvals have been obtained for the use of informed consents and information sheets for study participants in this study.

: We confirm that all study participants have consented to publish the result of the study. We confirm also that all authors of this manuscript have given their consent for the manuscript to be submitted for publication. Additionally, the manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere and is not under consideration for publication by any other journal.

: CBO reports research support from Haemonetics, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University; Else Kröner-Fresenius Stiftung; honoraria: Bayer Vital GmbH, Daiichi Sankyo, Ferrer, Idorsia. DT reports research support by a grant from Deutsche Herzstiftung. He received within the last 24 months consulting fees/payment for lectures including service on speakers’ bureaus by Alexion Pharma, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Atriva, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Ferrer, Pfizer and Sanofi; DG reports research support by a grant from German Research Foundation; DD received speaker’s honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Bayer Healthcare, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pfizer, Sanofi, AOP Health, Boston Scientific, and Novartis, consulting fees from Boston Scientific and Bayer Healthcare, and was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB1425 Project #422681845, SFB1366 Project # 394046768), by the Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), and by the Helmholtz-Institute for Translational AngioCardioScience (HI-TAC).