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Authors
Lv, Shumin
Yang, Lin
Jiang, Jingao
Liu, Xiaowei
Huang, Wenhao
Mao, Jianhua
Zhang, Jianjun
Chen, Tingting
Tang, Lijiang
Leng, Xiaochang
Mao, Wei
Du, Changqing https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-7977
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Major medical and health science and technology plan of Zhejiang Province (WKJ-ZJ-1913)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (U24A20799)
National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFC3606201)
Central guidance for local scientific and technological development funding projects (2024ZY01016)
The Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province (2023ZL223)
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Article History
Received: 28 August 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
: All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1975) and its later amendments (2000, 2013). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants at the time of the original imaging examinations.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Zhejiang Hospital under an established data use agreement (DUA). The retrospective and de-identified nature of the dataset ensured minimal risk to participants.
: Not applicable, as the study used existing retrospective data that had been fully de-identified prior to analysis.
: All authors have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and consent to its publication.
: This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.
: The authors declare no competing interests, financial or otherwise, that could have influenced the work reported in this manuscript.
