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Authors
Brooke, Nathaniel
Roberts, Kenneth C.
Heinz, Sloan A. Soyster
Metzler, Emmalee
Peskoe, Sarah
Whitson, Heather E.
Ginsberg, J.P.
Acker, Leah C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-6020
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIH (R03AG078891)
NIH (R01AG088329)
NIH (NIA P30AG028716)
NIH (T32GM008600)
Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care (William Young Award)
Foundation for Anesthesiology Education and Research (GEMSSTAR Supplement)
School of Medicine, Duke University (Strong Start Award)
Duke University Department of Anesthesiology (DREAM Innovation Grant)
Duke University Department of Anesthesiology (Departmental Funding)
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures followed as part of this research were approved by the Duke Health System Institutional Review Board and are in accordance with the ethical standards of the national committee on human experimentation as well as with the Declaration of Helsinki 8th revision. For all participants, informed consent was obtained prior to being included in the study.
: No animal studies were carried out by the authors for this article.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. All wearable devices, phones, cellular service, website access, database storage, and data analysis programs were available through a university-wide site license, freely available for download, or purchased at retail price without financial incentives or special discounts beyond standard educational, research or university pricing.
