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Article History

Received: 9 July 2024

Accepted: 26 September 2024

First Online: 8 October 2024

Declarations

:

: Eriko Tokunaga has received payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo and Eli Lilly. Hiroji Iwata has received consultancy fees and payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Lilly, MSD and Pfizer; has received consultancy fees from Giliead and has received payment or honoraria from Kyowa Kirin and Taiho. His institution has also received grants from AstraZeneca, Chugai, and Daiichi-Sankyo. Tetsuhiko Taira has received payment or honoraria from Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Kyowa Kirin, MSD, and Taiho. Tatsuya Toyama has received lecture fees from Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, MSD, Lilly, Novartis, and Taiho. Toshiro Mizuno has received payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca, Ono Pharmaceutical, Daiichi-Sankyo, Pfizer, Lilly, MSD, Eisai, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, and Nippon Kayaku. Akihiko Osaki has received grants from AstraZeneca plc, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Daiichi-Sankyo co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan KK, LabCorp Japan, G.K., MSD K.K., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Nipro Corp, Novartis Pharma K.K., Sanofi S.A., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd and WJOG. They have also received lecture fees from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Daiichi-Sankyo co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan KK, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd. and Pfizer Japan Inc. Seigo Nakamura has received payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca. Rikiya Nakamura has received payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai and Eli Lilly. Sacha J Howell has received grants from Eli Lily through a joint working initiative, has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and Pfizer, has received payment or honoraria from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Pfizer, and has received support for travel from Novartis. Masakazu Toi has received research grants from Chugai, Takeda, Pfizer, Taiho, JBCRG assoc., KBCRN assoc., Eisai, Eli Lilly and companies, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Astellas, Shimadzu, Yakult, Nippon Kayaku, AFI technology, Luxonus, Shionogi, GL Science and Sanwa Shurui. They have received fees for lecturing from Chugai, Takeda, Pfizer, Kyowa Kirin, Taiho, Eisai, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly and companies, MSD, Exact Science, Novartis, Shimadzu, Yakult, Nippon Kayaku, Devicore Medical Japan, Sysmex and advisory board fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly and companies, BMS, Bertis, Terumo, Kansai Medical Net. Toshiaki Ozaki, Tomoko Sambe, and Gaia Schiavon are employees of AstraZeneca. Mitsuya Itoh and Yasuhiro Yanagita report no conflicts of interest.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards, as well as Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the AstraZeneca policy on bioethics.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.