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Article History

Received: 13 January 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2025

First Online: 6 February 2025

Declarations

:

: Grants or contracts from any entity–MK: Nippon Kayaku, Kyowa Kirin, Advalife Science, Guardant Health AMEA, Shimadzu and GL Sciences; S Sasada: Daiichi Sankyo, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Gilead Sciences, and Nipro; S Saji: Taiho, Eisai, Chugai, Takeda, MSD, Astra Zeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Eli Lilly, and Sanofi; NN: Chugai, Pfizer, Eisai, Mochida, Daiichi Sankyo, and Novartis. Consulting fees–HK: EPS corporation; MY: Roche Japan. Payment or honoraria for lectures—MN: AstraZeneca, Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, Denka, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Kyowa-Kirin, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, and Taiho; HK: Novartis; MK: Guardant Health AMEA, Chugai, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer Japan, Eisai, Taiho Pharmaceutical, and Devicor Medical Japan; YS: Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lily, Chugai, MSD, Nippon Kayaku, Kyowa Kirin, Sysmex, Celltrion, and Healthcare Japan; S Saji: Chugai, Kyowa Kirin, MSD, Novartis, Eisai, Takeda, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Taiho, Ono, Nipponkayaku, Gilead, and Exact Sciences; NN: Chugai, Eli Lilly, MSD, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, and Pfizer; MM: Chugai, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, MSD, Taiho, Daiichi Sankyo, and Eisai; MY: Roche Japan, Agilent Technologies, Chugai pharma, Ono Yakuhin, MSD, and Daiichi Sankyo. Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board–S Saji: Chugai/Roche, Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Kyowa Kirin, Daiichi Sankyo, MSD; MY: Daiichi Sankyo. Leadership or fiduciary role–S Saji: JBCRG, JBCS, JSMO, and BIG. Other financial or non-financial interests–HK and NK: affiliation with a social collaboration department at the University of Tokyo supported by the National Clinical Database, Johnson & Johnson K.K., Nipro corporation, and Intuitive Surgical Sarl. MK: participation in the clinical trials led by JBCRG, Roche, Eli Lilly, and Merck.

: This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.