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Authors
Zhang, Gongyin
Yang, Liqun
Xu, Foyan
Luo, Qi
Jiang, Lan
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Article History
Received: 6 July 2025
Accepted: 14 November 2025
First Online: 22 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: The data published in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database are publicly available and validated. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and did not require informed consent from patients. Ethical approval was not required.
