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Authors
Oshi, Masanori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1404-1570
Nakayama, Tomo
Ota, Ichiro
Sasamoto, Mahato
Yamada, Akimitsu
Narui, Kazutaka
Takabe, Kazuaki
Endo, Itaru
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K14600)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21K15535)
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: No conflicts of interest to disclose.
: This study did not involve any interventional procedures or collection of personally identifiable information. Survey responses from healthcare professionals were collected anonymously, and all patient-related data were extracted retrospectively from medical records in a de-identified manner. Therefore, ethical approval and informed consent were not required, in accordance with the institutional policy.
: Consent to publication was not required, as no identifiable personal data or images are presented in this study.
