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Authors
Lin, Shih-Min
Ku, Hsiu-Ying
Shiau, Jun-Ping
Chen, Fang-Ming
Hou, Ming-Feng
Hsu, Che-Yu
Liu, Tsang-Wu
Ch’ang, Hui-Ju
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare (A1111011)
Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare (A1121001)
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Health Research Institute (EC-1080507-E).
: The requirement of informed consent was waived owing to the retrospective design of this study.
