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Authors
Koizumi, Kei
Igarashi, Ataru
Gouldson, Mark https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7259-0881
Bilthare, Sandeep https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0563-3675
Eymere, Sebastien https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8074-5480
Cuyún-Carter, Gebra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-0069
Millen, Steve https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9386-8552
Nomoto, Mariko
Onishi, Yoshie
Kudo, Aki
Drost, Pieter
Sugiyama, Naoko
Tang, Tom Kanazawa
Niikura, Naoki
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Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 1 February 2026
First Online: 15 February 2026
Declarations
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: Mark Gouldson, Sandeep Bilthare, Sebastien Eymere, Mariko Nomoto and Yoshie Onishi: All were employed by Putnam at the time of writing and have received funding from Exact Sciences. Gebra Cuyun Carter, Steve Millen, Aki Kudo, Pieter Drost, Tom Kanazawa Tang and Naoko Sugiyama: employees and stockholders of Exact Sciences. Kei Koizumi, Ataru Igarashi and Naoki Niikura: served as paid advisors for Exact Sciences.
: This is a modelling study which did not require ethics approval.
: Informed consent was not required as all data used was obtained from published clinical trials and publicly available sources, except when provided by clinical experts. The Clinician Expert Survey study was an opinion survey, based on the clinical experience of oncologists experienced in the treatment of early breast cancer in the adjuvant setting in Japan. Participating clinicians were aware it was an opinion survey study and agreed that the aggregated information would be used to provide up-to-date information related to current clinical practice for cost-effectiveness modelling. No individual patient data was used in the conduct of the study and therefore it was determined by the study coordinator that no ethics approval or formal waiver was required.
