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Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Accepted: 15 March 2026

First Online: 26 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Hitomi Sakai has received personal honoraria and institutional research grant from Eli Lilly, and honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead Sciences, and Astra Zeneca. Atsushi Yoshida has received honoraria from Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Limited, Exact Sciences Corporation, AstraZeneca PLC, and Eisai Co., Ltd. Yukinori Ozaki has received honoraria for lectures from Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Kyowa Kirin, Eli Lilly and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Mayumi Iida is an employee of Eli Lilly Japan, and minor stockholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Tsutomu Kawaguchi is an employee of Eli Lilly Japan, and minor stockholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Masashi Wakabayashi has received honoraria from Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd and Nihon Medi-Physics Co.,Ltd. Junji Tsurutani has received honoraria, research grant and advisory board member fee from Eli Lilly. Toshimi Takano has received honoraria for lectures from Eli Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo, and Gilead Sciences.

: This study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Showa University Research Ethics Review Board (July 18, 2023/2023–051-B). Written informed consent was obtained, but for cases where the patient had passed away or relocated with an unknown contact address, an opt-out procedure was conducted.