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Authors
Klemmer, Maike
Arnsmeyer, Kilian
Bauer, Pascal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-6635
Bücker, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0045-8460
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
FH Münster
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Article History
Received: 17 May 2025
Revised: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no Conflict of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: This study used secondary match data provided by the German Football Association (DFB). No human participants or personally identifiable information were involved; therefore, formal ethical approval was not required.
