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Article History

Accepted: 23 April 2025

First Online: 9 July 2025

Declarations

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: The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

: The SAPIC project was approved by the Swedish Ethics Review Authority (Dnr 2020-05441, Linköping department, Decision 24.11. 2020). The application with diary number Dnr 2022-06350-02 for change was submitted to the Ethical Review Authority on 2022-11-22 and became valid on 2022-12-02. The change concerned the storage, processing and analysis of data collected abroad (Decision 2022-12-09). The data collection was approved by the Saxony State Office for School and Education (Landesamt für Schule und Bildung, LaSuB) on October 17, 2023. (R15-6490t6t220-20231135214). The data were handled in accordance with the GDPR (DSGVO) and the local legislation and institutional requirements.

: Written informed consent for participation in this study was provided by the participants' legal guardians/next of kin. The adolescents received both written and verbal information about the study, including details about the procedure, data protection regulations, the voluntary nature of participation, and the option to terminate the interview at any time. All participants provided their written and verbal consent for the processing, storage, and deletion of their data in accordance with data protection regulations.