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Article History

First Online: 20 May 2019

Compliance with Ethical Standards

: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Lübeck, Germany (AZ 16-068).

: Dr. Sinem Tunc is supported by the German Research Foundation (SFB 936, project C5). She received travel grants from the Movement Disorders Society and Merz.Hauke Baumann received a travel grant from the Movement Disorder Society.Prof. Alexander Münchau is the Speaker of the Lübeck Centre for Rare Diseases. He is a member of the advisory board of the Tourette Gesellschaft Deutschland (German Tourette syndrome association). He received commercial research support with grants by Pharm Allergan, Ipsen, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Actelion, and honoraria for lectures from Pharm Allergan, Ipsen, Merz Pharmaceuticals, Actelion, GlaxoSmithKline, Desitin, and Teva. He was supported from non-profit foundations or societies: Possehl-Stiftung, Lübeck; Dystonia Coalition (USA); Tourette Syndrome Association (Germany); European Huntington Disease Network; N.E.MO. Charity supporting the research of pediatric movement disorders; Ärztekammer Schleswig-Holstein; Fortbildungsakademie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie; Förderstiftung des Universitätsklinikums Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH). Prof. Münchau received academic research support from the European Union: Multicentre Tics in Children Studies (EMTICS) as part of the FP 7 program (HEALTH.2011.2.2.1-3: Addictive and/or compulsive behaviour in children and adolescents: translating pre-clinical results into therapies), German Research Foundation (DFG): project “Intentional inhibition and self-control in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome” (MU 1692/3-1); DFG: project “Connectivity and plasticity in cortical motor networks in Parkin gene associated parkinsonism and dopa responsive dystonia” (SFB 936, project C5); DFG: project “Psychophysische Methoden im Kontext pharmakologischer und verhaltens-therapeutischer Ansätze zur Behandlung des Gilles de la Tourette Syndroms” (MU 1692/4-1); Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF): DysTract consortium. He receives royalties from the publication of the book <i>Neurogenetics</i> (Oxford University Press).Prof. Norbert Brüggemann was funded by the German Research Foundation (BR 4328/2-1) and the Collaborative Center for X-linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism. He received speaker’s honoraria from Grünenthal and UCB.Prof. Katja Lohmann received research funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG, FOR2488) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Sciences (BMBF, 01GM1514B), and the International Parkinson’s disease and Movement Disorder Society.These authors declare that they have no conflict of interest:Dr. Marija Dulovic-MahlowDr. Magdalena Khira BaaskeMagdalena JahnDr. Johanna Junker