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Authors
Houston, James R.
Rogers, Tiffany D.
Kirkpatrick, Tara M.
Robison, Anna M.
Throm, Allison G.
Burgess, Shaun M.
Klinge, Petra M.
Sakaie, Ken
Vorster, Sarel J.
Luciano, Mark G.
Loth, Francis
Allen, Philip A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Conquer Chiari Foundation, The United States
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Article History
Received: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 25 March 2026
First Online: 2 April 2026
Change Date: 11 April 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original version of this paper was updated to add the missing word "Cognitive" in title.
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics institutional review boards of the University of Akron and the Cleveland Clinic.
: Rayyan systematic review software ( ) was used to facilitate literature review article selections. JRH conducted searches on PubMed, exported the search results in the .nbib format, and uploaded the .nbib files into Rayyan. Article inclusion decisions were determined by JRH and supported by TMK, AMR, AGT, and SMB.
