Document is current

Article History

Received: 23 August 2024

Accepted: 21 November 2024

First Online: 20 December 2024

Declarations

:

: Min Yang and Qing Liu are employees of Analysis Group, Inc. which received funding from AbbVie. Manish Mittal, Pankaj Patel and Jerry Clewell are employees of AbbVie, Inc. and hold stock and options. A. Mark Fendrick reports serving as a consultant to AbbVie, CareFirst BlueCross BlueShield, Centivo, Community Oncology Association, EmblemHealth, Employee Benefits Research Institute, Exact Sciences, GRAIL, Health at Scale Technologies,* HealthCorum, Hopewell Fund, Hygieia, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, MedZed, Merck, MotherGoose,* Phathom Pharmaceuticals, Proton Intelligence, RA Capital, Sempre Health,* Silver Fern HealthCare,* US Department of Defense, Virginia Center for Health Innovation, Washington Health Benefit Exchange, Wellth,* Yale New Haven Health System, and Zansors* (asterisks indicate equity interest); research funding from Arnold Ventures, National Pharmaceutical Council, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; and outside positions as co–editor in chief of The American Journal of Managed Care, past member of the Medicare Evidence Development & Coverage Advisory Committee, and partner at VBID Health, LLC. Diana Brixner is an employee of University of Utah and declares no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript. Bruce W. Sherman has received honoraria/consulting fees from Merck, Amgen, Pacira, Compass Pathways, Pittsburgh Business Group on Health, and National Alliance of Healthcare Purchaser Coalitions. Yifei Liu is an employee of the University of Missouri – Kansas City and declares no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript. Louis P. Garrison, Jr. served as consultant to AbbVie for this project. He received consulting fees from a number of other life sciences companies exploring alternative value frameworks, including Novartis Gene Therapy, BMS, GSK, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Roche, and Pfizer.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.