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Authors
Geissbühler, Yvonne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-6818
Balp, Maria M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-7680
McConnon, Aine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3148-2933
Gomme, Justin
McKenna, Sarah J.
Kohli, Ravneet K. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4450-066X
Soong, Weily https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2701-7035
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
This research was funded by Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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Article History
Received: 21 December 2024
Accepted: 7 March 2025
First Online: 16 April 2025
Declarations
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: Yvonne Geissbühler and Maria-Magdalena Balp are employees of Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland. Aine Mcconnon, Justin Gomme, and Sarah Jane McKenna were employees of Novartis Business Services Center, Dublin, Ireland, at the time of the analysis. Ravneet Kaur Kohli is an employee of Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India. Weily Soong was a speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, GSK, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi; a consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi; and has received research funding from AbbVie, Allakos, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Escient, Incyte, Leo, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi.
: The databases are compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. As data used in this study are commercially available and de-identified, institutional review board approval was not required. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
