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Article History

Received: 12 March 2025

Accepted: 14 May 2025

First Online: 21 June 2025

Declarations

:

: Dr. H. Tilman Steinmetz has received research funding from Accord Healthcare, Amgen, Celgene, Novartis, Vifor; he has membership on an entity’s board of directors, speaker’s bureau, or its advisory committees with AbbVie, Accord Healthcare, Alexion, Amgen, Ariad, Bluebird Bio, BMS/Celgene, Boehringer, Gilead, Hexal/Sandoz, Incyte, IoMedico, Janssen-Cilag, Lilly, Miltenyi, Novartis, Oncopeptides, Otsuka, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, Sanofi, Shire, Sobi, Stemline, TAD, Takeda, Vifor; and has received travel grants from Alexion, Amgen, Bayer, BMS/Celgene, Janssen-Cilag, Sanofi, Sobi, and Takeda. Katherine Houghton and Tram Nham are employees of RTI Health Solutions, which received funding from Amgen GmbH (Germany) to conduct this research study and to provide medical writing support. Beate Brinkmann, Dr. Franziska Ertel, and Dr. Carmen Flossmann are employees of Amgen GmbH (Germany) and hold Amgen stocks.

: This study was conducted retrospectively from data obtained for clinical purposes and complied with all relevant market research guidelines and legal obligations. No identifiable protected health information was extracted during the study, and the authors consulted with the institutional review board (IRB) of Nordrhein (Düsseldorf), who determined that the present study did not need ethical approval owing to the anonymisation of the data collected. An official waiver of ethical approval was granted from the IRB of Nordrhein (Düsseldorf) on 31 May 2023.