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Authors
Ng, Carmen D.
Divino, Victoria
Wang, Julia
Toliver, Joshua C.
Buss, Marcio
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
This study was sponsored by Novo Nordisk Inc.
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Article History
Received: 18 June 2025
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 28 August 2025
Declarations
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: Carmen D. Ng, Victoria Divino, Julia Wang, Joshua C. Toliver, and Marcio Buss are employees and shareholders of Novo Nordisk Inc.
: This study was conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the principals of the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its later amendments. This study used only de-identified patient records and did not involve the collection, use, or transmittal of individually identifiable data. The Department of Health and Human Services does not consider analysis of de-identified secondary data to meet the definition for human subject research. Therefore, this study was exempt from federal regulations covering human subject research and did not require institutional review board review. This is as per exemption (d)4 from 45 CFR 46.104. Novo Nordisk Inc. has a data access license to the Komodo Health database.
