Permsuwan, Unchalee
Sriuttha, Pajaree
Tovikkai, Chutwichai
Chotirosniramit, Anon
Thepbunchonchai, Asara
Junrungsee, Sunhawit
Lapisatepun, Worakitti
Chaiyabutr, Kittipong
Srisuk, Tharatip
Dilokthornsakul, Piyameth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6981-1771
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Health Systems Research Institute, Thailand (No.67-044)
Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 6 August 2025
First Online: 22 August 2025
Declarations
:
: Unchalee Permsuwan, Pajaree Sriuttha, Chutwichai Tovikkai, Anon Chotirosniramit, Asara Thepbunchonchai, Sunhawit Junrungsee, Worakitti Lapisatepun, Kittipong Chaiyabutr, Tharatip Srisuk, and Piyameth Dilokthornsakul have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
: This study received local ethical committee approval at each site (Office of Research Ethics, Research Administration Section, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University: SUR-2567–0158; Siriraj Institutional Review Board: Si 457/2024; Research Ethics Committee Rajavithi Hospital: 139/2567; Center for Ethics in Human Research, Khon Kaen University: HE671304). All participants gave informed consent prior to data collection. This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. The data used in this analysis was anonymized.