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Article History

Received: 11 June 2025

Accepted: 18 August 2025

First Online: 23 September 2025

Declarations

:

: Dimos D. Mitsikostas has received consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Bristol Mayers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Teva; payment or honoraria for presentations from Allergan/AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Bristol Mayers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Genesis Pharma, Lundbeck, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Teva; support for attending meetings or travel from Allergan/AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Genesis Pharma, Lundbeck, Novartis, and Teva; has performed clinical trials as Principal Investigator for Amgen, Eli Lily, Lundbeck, Novartis, and Pfizer; is the member of the Management Group of Headache Scientific Panel and of Coordinating Panel for Functional Disorder at European Academy of Neurology; and is the president of Hellenic Headache Society. Susanne F. Awad, Rikke Kongerslev, Line Pickering Boserup, and Ravinder Phul are full-time employees of H. Lundbeck A/S or one of its subsidiary companies. Xin Ying Lee was a full-time employee of H. Lundbeck A/S during data analysis and initial manuscript stages. She is currently an employee of Novo Nordisk, which was not involved in nor has competing interest with this study. Simona Sacco has received grants or contracts from Novartis and Uriach; has received consulting fees and payment or honoraria for presentations from Abbot, Allergan/AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer; support for attending meetings or travel from Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, and Teva; equipment or services from Allergan/AbbVie and Novo Nordisk; is the second vice-president for European Headache Federation; and is the president-elect for European Stroke Organization.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. As such, no direct ethical approval or informed consent was required.