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Article History

Received: 30 June 2025

Accepted: 18 August 2025

First Online: 6 October 2025

Declarations

:

: James Krueger has served as a consultant or received honoraria from AbbVie, Aclaris Therapeutics, Allergan, Almirall, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Aristea Therapeutics, Asana BioSciences, Aurigene, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Escalier Biosciences, Galapagos, Janssen, Lilly, MoonLake Immunotherapeutics, Nimbus Therapeutics, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sienna Biopharmaceuticals, Sun Pharma, Target-Derm, UCB, Valeant, and Ventyx. Juan Ruano has received research funding from Pfizer Inc. and has served as a scientific advisor and/or clinical investigator in studies sponsored by Pfizer Inc., AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly and Company, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Incyte, Janssen, Kymab, LEO Pharma, Novartis, Regeneron, Sandoz, Sanofi Genzyme, and UCB Pharma. The remaining authors; Juan de Luque, Carmen Mochón-Jiménez, Irene Rivera-Ruiz, Jesús Gay-Mimbrera, Judilyn Fuentes-Duculan, Israel Coats, Macarena Aguilar-Luque, Beatriz Isla-Tejera, Antonio Vélez-García Nieto, Manuel Galán-Gutiérrez, Teresa López-Viñau López and Mayte Suarez-Fariñas declare no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this manuscript.

: This study was conducted using data from a previously established cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis, collected as part of routine clinical care. All participants provided written informed consent. The study complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Córdoba (Comité de Ética de la Investigación de Córdoba, CEI)—Registration ICI1400136-1–. The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT07041112.