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Article History

Received: 29 July 2025

Accepted: 16 September 2025

First Online: 9 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Patrice Darmon received personal compensation for his contribution to clinical trials, scientific work, consultancy work, conferences or symposia) from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Menarini, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Winthrop, Eli Lilly, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bastide Médical, LVL Médical. Olivier Hanon declares having received fees for occasional interventions (clinical trials, scientific work, advisory activity, conferences, or symposiums) from the following companies Novartis, Daiichi-Sankyo, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bayer, Sanofi Winthrop, BMS, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Servier, Vifor, Lilly. Pierre Gourdy declares that he has received occasional fees, on a personal or institutional basis, for activities as a speaker, scientific advisor or clinical researcher, from the following companies: Abbott, Abbvie, Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Intercept, LVL Médical, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, Organon, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi Winthrop, Servier. Isabelle Borget has no conflict of interest to declare. Bruno Detournay declares that he has received fees for one-off services (scientific work, consultancy, conferences or symposia) for the following companies CEMKA, Abbott, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Winthrop, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Cerba expert, IPSOS, Lumanity, AstraZeneca, Tillots Pharma, Continuum + . Pierre Evenou, Noemie Allali, and Aymeric Mahieu are employed by SANOFI Winthrop Industry, France. Corinne Emery and Isabelle Bureau are employed by CEMKA, a consulting team specializing in health economics, epidemiology, and outcomes research. Alfred Penfornis declares having received fees for occasional interventions (clinical trials, scientific work, advisory activity, conferences, or symposiums) from the companies Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Dexcom, Diabeloop, Johnson & Johnson, Insulet, Isis, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Medtronic, Medtrum, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Winthrop, Eli Lilly, Ypsomed.

: This study was registered on the French Health Data Hub website (T58549122021092). In accordance with current regulations, the study protocol was submitted to the committee for research, studies, and evaluations in the field of health (Comité d’Expertise pour les Recherches, les Etudes et les Evaluations dans le domaine de la Santé [CEREES)] for approval and was authorized by the French data protection authority (Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés [CNIL], [CNIL authorization number MR: 921407).