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Article History

Received: 4 September 2025

Accepted: 14 October 2025

First Online: 3 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Trademarks are the property of their respective owners (QualityMetric incorporated, Asthma Control Test [ACT]; Qoltech, 5 item Asthma Control Questionnaire [ACQ-5]). Gabriel Garcia has participated in advisory boards for GSK, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Novartis and Boehringer-Ingelheim; he has received honoraria for speaking at sponsored meetings from GSK, Boehringer-Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Phoenix and Novartis, and is a principal investigator in trials sponsored by GSK, Boehringer-Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Sanofi, PPD, Zambon, Parexel, Covance, IQVIA and Chiesi. Nicolas Roche is in receipt of grants from Chiesi, GSK, Pfizer; personal consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Austral, Biosency, Chiesi, GSK, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi; personal payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GSK, Menarini, MSD, Sanofi, Zambon; and support for attending meetings and/or travel from AstraZeneca, Chiesi, and GSK. Kittipong Maneechotesuwan has received honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers’ bureaus or educational events from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Novartis and Sanofi. Prabhuram Krishnan and Manish Verma are employees of and hold financial equities in GSK.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.