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Article History

Received: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 15 October 2025

First Online: 28 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Hermann Einsele has received honoraria from Amgen, BMS, EUSA Pharma, Genesis, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Sanofi, and Takeda, travel expenses from Amgen, EUSA Pharma, and Takeda and research funding from Amgen, Genesis, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, and Takeda. Philippe Moreau has served in a consulting or advisory role and received honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Oncopeptides, and Sanofi. Nizar Bahlis has a consulting or advisory role with AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Forus, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Takeda, received honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Forus, Johnson & Johnson, and Sanofi, been a member of the steering committee at AbbVie, GSK, and Johnson & Johnson and has received research funding from Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer. Manisha Bhutani has received research support (paid to institution) from Johnson & Johnson, Amgen, BMS/Celgene, AbbVie, Takeda, Caribou Biosciences, and The Binding Site, and serves on the advisory board for Caribou Biosciences. Laure Vincent has received funding from Johnson & Johnson, honoraria from BMS and Johnson & Johnson, travel expenses from Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, and Takeda, and has participated on an advisory board for BMS, Johnson & Johnson, and Takeda. Lionel Karlin has served in a consulting or advisory role and received honoraria from Amgen, BMS/Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, Stemline, and Takeda, has received travel expenses from Amgen, BMS/Celgene, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, and Takeda, and has an immediate family member employed by Laoratoira Aguettant. Aurore Perrot has received honoraria or served a consulting role with AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Takeda. Hartmut Goldschmidt has served in a consulting or advisory role for Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, and Takeda, received travel funding from Johnson & Johnson and Sanofi, honoraria from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Chugai Pharma, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, and Sanofi, research funding from Amgen, BMS, Celegen, Chugai Pharma Europe, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Molecular Partners, MSD, Mundipharma, Novartis, and Takeda, and discloses other relationships with Amgen, Celgene/BMS, Chugai Pharma Europe, Johnson & Johnson, and Sanofi. Niels W. C. J. van de Donk has received research support (paid to institution) from Johnson & Johnson, Amgen, Celgene, Novartis, Cellectis, and BMS, and serves on advisory boards for Johnson & Johnson, Amgen, Celgene, BMS, Sanofi, Takeda, Roche, Novartis, Bayer, Adaptive, Merck, Kite Pharma, Pfizer, AbbVie, and Servier. Enrique M. Ocio has received honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Menarini, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Regeneron and Takeda, reports a consulting or advisory role with Amgen, AbbVie, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Menarini, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Sano and Takeda and is on the speakers’ bureau for Johnson & Johnson. Joaquín Martínez López reports a consulting or advisory role with Celgene and Johnson & Johnson and is on the speakers’ bureau for BMS, Celgene, Johnson & Johnson and Novartis. Paula Rodríguez-Otero reports a consulting or advisory role with AbbVie, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, and Sanofi, is on the speakers’ bureau for BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, and Sanofi; has received travel, accommodations, and expenses from Pfizer, and has received honoraria from AbbVie, Celgene, GSK, H3 Biomedicine, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, and Sanofi. Dominik Dytfeld has received honoraria from Amgen and BMS and is a member of an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees for Amgen and BMS. Andrzej Jakubowiak has received honoraria from and reports a consulting/advisory role for AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, and Sanofi. Carolina Schinke has received honoraria from Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer and has participated in advisory board meetings for Arxellx, Johnson & Johnson, and Pfizer. Britta Besemer has received honoraria from Amgen, GSK, Johnson & Johnson and Sanofi and has received travel accommodations and/or expenses from Amgen and Johnson & Johnson. Sébastien Anguille has no conflicts to disclose. Salomon Manier reports a consulting or advisory role with AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnology, Amgen, BMS/Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, and Takeda. Leo Rasche has received honoraria from BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi, is a member of a board of directors or advisory committee for Amgen, BMS, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, and Sanofi, reports a consulting or advisory role with Amgen, BMS, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, and Sanofi; and has received research funding from BMS and Skyline Dx. Raphael Teipel has received honoraria from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Gilead, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Oncopeptides, Sanofi, Stemline, and Takeda, reports a consulting or advisory role with Amgen, BMS, and Johnson & Johnson, and research funding from Johnson & Johnson. Christof Scheid has received honoraria from Amgen, BMS/Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi/Aventis and Takeda, reports a consulting or advisory role with Amgen, BMS/Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Roche, and Sanofi/Aventis, has received research funding from Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, and Takeda, and has received travel accommodations and/or expenses from Amgen, BMS/Celgene, and Johnson & Johnson. Charlotte Pawlyn has received honoraria from BMS/Celgene, Johnson & Johnson, and Sanofi and reports a consulting or advisory role with AbbVie, BMS/Celgene, Johnson & Johnson, and Sanofi. Michele Cavo has received honoraria from AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Takeda, is a member of a board of directors or advisory committee for AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Takeda, has received research funding from Johnson & Johnson and Celgene, and is on the speakers’ bureau for Celgene and Johnson & Johnson. Joris Diels, Francesca Ghilotti, Bonnie W. Lau, Thomas Renaud, Oleksiy Orel, Fenny Ong, Diogo F. Ramos, Eric Ammann, Trilok Parekh, and Claire Albrecht are employees of Johnson & Johnson and may own stock in Johnson & Johnson. Katja Weisel has served in a consulting or advisory role for Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Oncopeptides, Roche, Sanofi, and Takeda, received travel, accommodations, and/or expenses from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, and Takeda, honoraria from AbbVie, Adaptive Biotechnologies, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Karyopharm Therapeutics, Novartis, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi, and Takeda, and research funding from Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, and Sanofi. María-Victoria Mateos has served in a consulting or advisory role for AbbVie, Amgen, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche/Genentech, and Takeda, and received honoraria from AbbVie/Genentech, Amgen, Celgene, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Sanofi, and Takeda.

: MonumenTAL-1 was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and International Conference on Harmonisation Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. All patients provided written informed consent. An independent ethics committee or institutional review board at each study center approved the study protocol (Table  ). The LocoMMotion and MoMMent studies were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients provided written informed consent. An independent ethics committee/institutional review board at each center approved the study protocol (Tables  , ).