Document is current

Article History

Received: 25 September 2025

Accepted: 22 October 2025

First Online: 21 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Philip J Mease has received research grants from AbbVie, Acelyrin, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, and UCB; consulting fees from AbbVie, Acelyrin, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Century, Cullinan, Eli Lilly, Inmagene, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB; speaker fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Spyre, Takeda, and UCB. Jessica A Walsh received research funding from AbbVie, Merck, and Pfizer; and consulting fees from AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, and UCB. Timothy P Fitzgerald, Soumya D Chakravarty, and Elizabeth Adamson are employees of Johnson & Johnson, and own stock in Johnson & Johnson. Bruno Emond, Carmine Rossi, Samuel Schwartzbein, Kana Yokoji, Yuxi Wang, Patrick Lefebvre, and Dominic Pilon are employees of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting company that has provided paid consulting services to Johnson & Johnson, which funded the development and conduct of this study. Shikha Singla received research funding from Eli Lilly, speaker fees from Johnson & Johnson, and consulting fees from AbbVie, Janssen, and UCB. Joseph F Merola is a consultant and/or investigator for AbbVie, Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dermavant, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Leo Pharma, Moonlake, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi-Regeneron, Sun Pharma, and UCB.

: The IQVIA PharMetrics ® Plus database was used under license. In accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), all data were de-identified; thus, Institutional Review Board review was not required.