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Article History

Received: 17 September 2025

Accepted: 11 November 2025

First Online: 3 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Gil Yosipovitch has participated as a Consultant or Board Member for Sanofi, Regeneron, Galderma, Pfizer, Novartis, Eli Lilly, AbbVie, Arcutis, Vifor, Kamari, Kiniksa, Trevi Therapeutics, Pierre Fabre, LEO Pharma, Escient Health, Celldex, and GSK. He has received research support from Pfizer, Sanofi, Regeneron, LEO, Eli Lilly, Kiniksa, Novartis, Escient, Bellus, Galderma, and Celldex. Brian S. Kim is co-founder of Alys Pharmaceuticals; he has served as a consultant for 23andMe, ABRAX Japan, AbbVie, Amgen, Attovia Therapeutics, Cara Therapeutics, Clexio Biosciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Escient Pharmaceuticals, Evommune, Galderma, LEO Pharma, Micreos, Novartis, Pfizer, Recens Medical, Regeneron, Sanofi, Septerna, Teva, Trevi Therapeutics, Triveni Bio; he has stock in ABRAX Japan, Alys Pharamaceuticals, Attovia Therapeutics, Locus Biosciences, Recens Medical and Triveni Bio; he holds a patent for the use of JAK1 inhibitors for chronic pruritus. Sonja Ständer was speaker and/or consultant and/or investigator and/or has received research funding from Almirall S. A., Amgen Inc., Amgen Europe GmbH, Celldex Therapeutics Inc., Clexio Biosiences Ltd., Focus-Insight Healthtech Group Co. Ltd., Galderma Laboratorium GmbH, Galderma R&D LLC., Galderma S.A., GSK R&D Ltd., Incyte Corporation, Klirna Biotech Inc., Leo Pharma, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Sanofi-Aventis R&D, Sanofi Genzyme Corporation, TouchIME, Vifor Pharma Deutschland GmbH P. G. Unna Academy. Sarina B. Elmariah has served as an advisory board member, consultant or received honoraria from Celldex, Galderma, Eli Lilly, New Frontier Bio, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, and Sanofi. Vimal H. Prajapati has been an advisor, consultant, and/or speaker for: AbbVie, Actelion, Amgen, Apogee Therapeutics, Aralez, Arcutis, Aspen, Bausch Health, BioJAMP/JAMP Pharma, BioScript Solutions, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Canadian Psoriasis Network, Celgene, Celltrion, Cipher, CorEvitas, Eczema Society of Canada, Eli Lilly, Galderma, GlaxoSmithKline, Homeocan, Incyte, J&J Innovative Medicine, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, LEO Pharma, Medexus, Novartis, Organon, Paladin, Pediapharm, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, Tribute, and UCB; investigator for: AbbVie, AnaptysBio, Apogee Therapeutics, Apollo Therapeutics, Arcutis, Arena, Asana, Bausch Health, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Concert, CorEvitas, Dermavant, Dermira, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, J&J Innovative Medicine, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Nektar Therapeutics, Nimbus Lakshmi, Novartis, Pfizer, RAPT Therapeutics, Regeneron, Reistone, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Sun Pharma, Takeda, UCB, and Vyne Therapeutics; and received grants from: AbbVie, Bausch Health, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Novartis, and Sanofi Genzyme. Kenji Kabashima has received consulting fees, honoraria, grant support, and/or lecture fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Kyowa Kirin, Japan Tobacco, LEO Pharma, Maruho, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Ono Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Sanofi, Regeneron, Taiho, and TORII Pharmaceutical. Gaia Gallo, Maria Jose Rueda, Evangeline Pierce, and Yuxin Ding are employees and shareholders of Eli Lilly and Company. Shawn Kwatra is an advisory board member or consultant for AbbVie, Amgen, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Aslan Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Castle Biosciences, Dermavant, Galderma, Incyte Corporation, Johnson & Johnson, Leo Pharma, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and Sanofi and has served as an investigator for Galderma, Incyte, Pfizer, and Sanofi.

: This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.