Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 October 2025

Accepted: 5 December 2025

First Online: 24 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Valerie LaRoy serves as an advisory board member and/or speaker for Bayer, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, and United Therapeutics. Eric Roberts serves as an advisory board member and speaker for Janssen Pharmaceuticals, a consultant, advisory board member, and speaker for United Therapeutics, and a consultant and advisory board member for Merck. Jennalyn Mayeux serves as a consultant and/or speaker for Gossamer Bio, Johnson & Johnson, Liquidia, Merck, and United Therapeutics. Natalie Patzlaff, Reem Ismail and Kari Roberts are employees of United Therapeutics Corporation. Lori Reed serves as a consultant and/or speaker for Johnson & Johnson, Merck, and United Therapeutics. Traci Stewart serves as a consultant and/or speaker for Gossamer Bio, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Roivant, and United Therapeutics; and serves in a leadership role for the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. Mary Whittenhall serves as an advisory board member for Johnson & Johnson, Merck, United Therapeutics, and Gossamer Bio, and has served on leadership committees for the Pulmonary Hypertension Association. Melisa Wilson is a speaker and advisory board member for United Therapeutics, Johnson & Johnson, Bayer, Merck Co., Liquidia, a consultant and advisory board member for Liquidia and Gossamer, and a consultant for the Pulmonary Hypertension Association.

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.